
Scientific Resources

Terminology for describing normally sited and ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound: ESHRE recommendations for good practice
Authors: ESHRE working group on Ectopic Pregnancy; Emma Kirk, Pim Ankum, Attila Jakab, Nathalie Le Clef, Artur Ludwin, Rachel Small, Tina Tellum, Mira Töyli, Thierry Van den Bosch, Davor Jurkovic
Conclusion: A clear definition of normally sited pregnancy on ultrasound scan is important to avoid misdiagnosis of uterine ectopic pregnancies. A comprehensive classification of ectopic pregnancy must include definitions and descriptions of each type of ectopic pregnancy. Only a classification which provides descriptions and diagnostic criteria for all possible locations of ectopic pregnancy would be fit for use in routine clinical practice. The working group formulated 17 recommendations on the diagnosis of the different types of ectopic pregnancies on ultrasound. In addition, for each of the types of ectopic pregnancy, a schematic representation and examples on 2D and 3D ultrasound are provided.
Intramural ectopic pregnancy: An individual patient data systematic review
Authors: Carnot N. Ntafam, ItunuOluwa Sanusi-Musa, Robert D. Harris
Conclusion: IMP is a rare but potentially lethal clinical entity. A significant proportion of patients are asymptomatic and have no known risk factors. Correlation of clinical history and imaging findings is vital to establishing a prompt diagnosis and reducing the risk of a catastrophic outcome.
Imaging in gynecological disease (25): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of intramural pregnancy
Authors: S Nijjar, C Bottomley, E Jauniaux, D Jurkovic
Conclusion: We describe the ultrasound features of partial and complete intramural pregnancy, demonstrating key diagnostic features. Our series suggests that, when intramural pregnancy is diagnosed before 12 weeks' gestation, it can be managed either conservatively or by surgery, with preservation of reproductive function in most women.
Minimally-invasive management of intramural ectopic pregnancy: an eight-case series and literature review
Authors: Zhaojun Shen, Chunlei Liu, Li Zhao, Luhang Xu, Bin Peng, Zhengyun Chen, Xiaoyong Li, Jianhong Zhou
Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is a feasible management option for most cases of early IMP. Hysteroscopic surgery may be appropriate for cases where a sinus connects the gestational sac with the uterine cavity or when cornual ectopic pregnancy needs to be excluded.
Intramural ectopic pregnancy following pelvic adhesion: case report and literature review
Authors: Qi Zhang, Xiaoxiao Xing, Shuiqing Liu, Xiao Xie, Xia Liu, Feng Qian, Yanping Liu
Conclusion: Non-specific clinical presentation and non-uniform ultrasound criteria pose a challenge for us to make timely and accurate management. Integrated radiological examinations and communication and cooperation between sonographers and gynecologists play a vital role in diagnostic accuracy and selecting the optimal therapeutic method of an intramural pregnancy.